Bookbinding and method of binding books



r J. A. FELLOWS BOOKBINDLNG AND METHOD OF BINDING Books Oct. 12 1926. v 1,602,816

Filed August 11, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet .1

33 fl an p032 I z 25 2a 21 INVENTOR Jakrz 141E110 zmr M ATTORNEY 1,602,816 ,1. A. FELLOWS BOOKBINDVL'NG AND METHOD OF BINDING BOOKS Filed August 11. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jay. 11.

ATTORNEY l1 lNVENTOR .Patented Oct. 12, 1926. I

. UNITED-STA res PATENT-OFFICE.

v 1 JOEN' A. FELLOWS, 01' NEW YORK N. Y. Y .BOOKIBINDING AND METHOD OI BINDING BOOKS. a 1 Continuation of applications Serial No. 708,867, filed April 23; 1924, and Serial No. 25,224, filed April 28,

1925. This application filed August 11, 1925. Serial No. 49,584.

.This invention relates to' an improved book binding and to' a method of binding books and has for itsprimary objebt to provide a very simple and inexpensive device and method whereby the book leaves may be easily, between the covers so as to permanently maintain their osition in the cover, and thus give a long li e to the book. The present invention may be employed either as the original binding for the book or for rebinding books when, owing. to handling, the

bound leaves become detachedentirely or partially from the covers.

In carrying out my present invention. in one practical embodiment thereof, I provide a lining sheet of suitable material to the inner face of which and substantially cen- .trally thereof, a binding sheet. is permanent- 1y secured by twov spaced parallel lines of stitching. A suitable adhesive is applied to the exposed surface of the binding sheet, and the back of the bound edges of the book leaves are. then inserted between the free longitudinal flaps of the binding sheet and on the exposed side of the binding sheet between the flaps, whereby the back of the book leaves or rear thereof and the end leaves of the book leaves are ioined) to the binding sheet. The portion of the binding sheet between the parallel lines of stitching been tsecuredto the binding sheet, said in- .termediate portion thereof will freely flex in respect to the lining sheet between the to the bin derlying principle will stitches.

hesive to a book cover;

The book leaves when and the book requires nobrealting open, which-it is believed is due to a great extent ge action provided by the lines'ol' stitches being located in proper. positions. Various other modifications of the invention described but embodying the same unshown hereinafter. I

The invention also comprises a new method or step in the art which consists in providing a common hinge joint for both of. the edges of the book leaves at the back thereof and the cover. This consolidation of hinge actions anchored to the cover prevents I abound book from life to the book.

quickly and securely bound binder sheet and a lining sheet of substantially the I sheet.

the lining The face of the lining sheet oppoe site to that on which the binding sheet is secured maybe suitably applied by an adopen will lie flat,

be described and fearing, and gives a long With the above and other-objects in view. the invention consists in theimproved book binding, in'the construction and arrangement of the several parts thereof, and in the novel method of bookbinding, as will'be hereinafter more fully described and illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. The invention will be vsubsequently incorporated. in the subjoined claims. v i

- In the accompanying drawings- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of my invention, in which: a

same size are shown. 1 Figure 2 is a transverse section thereof. Figure 3 is another embodiment in which the lining sheet is longer than the binder v Figure 4 is still another embodiment in which both sheets are of the same size, but {mvfv of the le'ngthof the leaves and cover ea Figure 5 iisa further embodiment in which the binder sheet-is of the length of the book leaves, and the lining sheet is shorter. Figure 6 shows a binder .and a hmng sheet applied to a cover, in this case a flexible cover. A Figure 7 shows a binder and a llIllIlg sheet applied to a stiff cover.

Figure 8 shows the same arrangement with the book leaves inserted therein.

Figure 9 shows the same arrangement with the book open;

Fi re 10 shows another embodiment 1n whic a lining sheet is provided and two 'binder sheets, one at each corner of the book leaves, are provided, v

Figure 11 shows still another embodiment in which a binding sheet is provided and two lining sheets one: ateach corner of the cover are provided.' Figure 12 shows a further embodiment in which companion pairs of binder and liningsheets are provided.

ca hed directly to a book cover.

Figure 13 shows corner binder sheets, at-

Figure 14 shows corner lining'sheets at- 1e25 tached to the cover'and then the corners of the book leaves stitched thereto.

- Figure l5 shows an embodiment in which the corners of the book leaves are stitched directly to a cover, which stitching serves as 110 a common hinge joint for the edges of the book leaves and for the cover leaves.

"the corner edges thereof being known as joints and Figure 17 shows an end view of a well lmown form of cover having stifi' cover leaves, these latter two figures being shown as representative of the known art, to clearly define the invention in respect thereto;

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts, and for the sake of clarity in representation the drawings are diagrammatic and not cross hatched.

Referring to the drawings, the wellknown end view or end outline of bound leaves of a book are shown in Figure 16 and an end view of" a wellknown cover is shown in Figure 17.

Heretofore, these book leaves were applied to cover by various methods and the most utilized method was to provide-a paper and crash connection, binding-the back 20 of the book leaves to the cover leaves 21. This connection provided a hinge action at. the edge 22 of the back of the bookleaves, and a secondhinge action at the jointure of the connection with the cover leaf. As a result.

ofthis construction, two hinge actions were provided, and wherever the movement of the parts were in opposite directions a tearing and destruction of this connection resulted, and the book required rebinding. In many cases, the back of the leaves was cemented or glued to the back of the cover between the cover leaves and in due time this would dry out and the book would become destroyed on the opening of the same. Many other reasons might be enumerated for the comparatively short life of books. In respect to the use of books, those largely found on the market have the further disadvantage O that when they require a very careful first o suing, consisting in gently pressing down t e first and last pages alternately and then working inwardly pressing down the remaining pages, page by page, so as not to destroy the binding and to permit the pages to lie flat and not close up as is their tendency. This procedure takes time and causes a certain amount of vexation to the user, but is a necessary one in order to save the book from damage through use.

After numerous tests, I have found that by uniting the crease or flexible portion of the cover directly to the joint or corner of the book (the bound book leaves), an

anchoring of the parts is obtained and many 15, in which the book leaves shown in Figure 16 are joined to the cover shown in Figure 17 by two rows of stitching indicated at 32. The book leaves are indicated at 24, it being supposed that thelines shown indicate the end leaves and that there are a plurality of leaves in between, depending on the number of pages desired in the book. The cover may be made in any suitable way and of any suitable construction. The made cover may an embodiment of which is shown in Figure 15, a cover is selected which has a cover back 25, slightly wider or larger than the width of the back of the book leaves 2e, from corner to corner. The stitching 32 is then passed through the corners or edges 22 and the back 25 of the cover at the edges of the cover back close to the flexible members 26. This stitching 32, while shown as passing through the corners 22 of the book leaves and as passing through the cover back, need not pass through each, since surface stitching may be employed. It is essential, however, to anchor the edges of the book leaves to the back of the coverand to provide a common pivotal point for the corners and for the cover leaves. This union of hinge actions provides a removal of opposed forces a tending to tear and destroy.

The method descrlbed provides, therefore, a novel step in the art, which COIlSlStS in joining the respective normal hinge actions into a common point and anchoring ,the

bound book leaves at their edges to the cover.

leather, or buckram or other suitable ma-.

terial are utilized. -These two sheets are about the length of the book leaves, that is, about the height of the book, The width of the sheets is determined by the thickness 'of the book and the desired length of the flaps, which in turn depends on the kind ofbook. The flaps can be one-quarter of an inch and upwards, depending on the kind of book. In some cases, the flaps can be less than one-quarter inch. These two sheets are sewed or stitched together by two parallel rows of stitches, the space between these rows being determined by the thickness of the book to be bound.

Referring particularly .to Figures 1 and 2, the binding sheet 30 is the upper sheet because it is to be bound tothe book leaves, and the lining sheet 31 is the lower sheet because it is to line the'cover. The rows of stitching are indicated at 32. This provides two pairs of flaps, one pair indicated ready to receive the book leaves.

In some cases, it is desired. to have the lining sheet flaps line the inside surfaces of the book covers, in which cases, these" flaps are of the size of the inside of thebook covers, such flaps'being indicated as 34 in Figure In other cases, the binder sheet fiapsare desiredto cover the end leaves of the book leaves, and are then lengthened to'the same size as the bookleaves as shown by 33 in Figure 4, in which both binder and'lining sheets are shown to be the same size as the inside cover leaves and end leaves.

In still other cases, the lining flaps are short and the binder flaps long as is shown in Figure 5.

Either of the foregoing forms may be utilized depending upon the. character of the finished book desired.

In either case, width of which'equals the width of space between the stitches 32, are inserted'into the binder sheet between the flapsthereof. A

' desirable adhesive or cementitious substance v ,the cover leaves is applied either to theback of the book leaves or to the exposed surface of the binder sheetorto both, and the binder 30 with its flaps 33 is joined to the back;and' sides of the book leaves. The surface of the lining sheet opposite to. binder has been applied by stitching is then coated with an adhesive, and is then applied to the inside of the ,cover-back and adja cent cover leaves. This is shown in Figure cover 36 is shown may be applie to a stifi cover. In such a case, shown in Figures 7 8 and 9. the binder 30 'with its flaps v33 is applied to the back'of the book leaves, and the opposite surfaces of the lining sheet 31 and flaps 34 isapplied to the inside of'the back 25 of the ,cover and the same, as near to the at a point where approximately the flexible members 26 begin. By placing the stitches 32 at this 'point, the common hinge action is secured/ It will also be noted'that the corners of the book leaves are anchored by the aid of suitable intermediaries to the cover back. When the cover leaves 21 are opened they pivot around the flexible meifibers 26 which pivotzat or pivot substanti lly iden 'With'the edges clearly seen in Figure Y cases, the binder 30 and the bound book leaves,-the' ,limng cover members ly, are [PIOVldBd as shown 1n F1gure12.

that to which the l where the imade cover? 21. It will be noted that the stitches 32 are in a position in respect-to the back 25 of the cover, along the (edge of b edges as practical,

upon the position tical' with the edge of the back of the covere 5 and when the leaves "are opened they 'ivot around the stitches 32, which are coincident."

of the It will also be noted from Figure 9 that the binder 30-and flaps .33 are. made part of;

the book leaves by an adhesive, and thelincover backs: This is ing sheet 31 with its flaps 34 are made part of the cover by an'adhesive, and that the binder between the stitches is free from the lining sheet between, the stitches.

In the formof cover shown in Figures 7- to 9, the leaves 21 consist of astifl. innermember 40 as cardboard, and an outer covering 41 of leather or cloth or the like, which extends from the back 25 or the like, and is then bent over at 42 "as no part of the invention.

and flexible meni-- bers 26 to the edges of the stiff cardboard In some cases, it may be found, desirable and flaps 34. In other flaps 33 are retained.

to provide instead of a' binder sheet "with and corner lining members 46 are provided Y as in Figurell. I V p In still other'cases, companion-binder and In Figure 16 is shown an end view ofa 47 and 48, respective book (bound leaves) in which the leaves are indicated by 24, the back by. 20, the corner edges by 22, each corner edge in the art as .a joint ,iand indicated bythe arrows in Fig. 16. r J

In Figure 17 an end -view fofa cover-1s shown. Covers like this are well known and are made in" quantities by machinery, and are knownin binding as, .made covers. "They have 'the back proper25, the cover leaves 21, and the flexible connection 26. The

Figure 1.7 is the point joins the joints 22 being known the practical art of book I of the book (boundleaves). ,-Go tiguous' to these points the stitchesof ap vice are placed,

I A flexible cover is alsocalled a ,made cover. "-By made cover is meant a cover. separately n de that 1s, not a cover built uponthe boo itself as is done in hand na'de ooks.

ica-nts de- ,8 One cover side 21 is called the front side;

of a cover and the other cover side 21 is called the back side of a cover depending of the cover on the bound leaves of the book.

The book, that is iv the uncovered book which is composed of signatures which are sewed together and have joints at the first j i and lastsignatures, are brought together by my invention with a made cover, by

April 23, 1925, respectively.

pensed with as in Figure 13 and in other,

cases the binder sheet is dispensed with as is shown in Figure 14. In Figure 15 all the forms of binder andlining sheets are dispensed with. I

The preferred forms shown in Figures 1 to 9 have certain advantages over the forms of Figures 10 to 12, in that it is very easily applied, in substantially two operations, the adhering to the book leaves and the adhering to the cover, whereas in the forms shown in Figures 10 to 12, threeor four operations are necessary. The preferred forms have certain advantages over the forms of Figures 13-to 15 in that a very secure book is provided. Not alone is the back of the book leaves securely bound by the bindersheet and flaps, but the. inside of the coveris also securely bound by the-liningsheet. 1A prac tically, indestructible" book provided in Figs. 1 to '9. ,c

a novel method of book-.

I have described binding and'various embodiments, but it is clear that changes may be made. without de-.-

parting from the spirit of the invention as defined'in the appended claims.

The foregoing application is a continua tion of my co-pending application forimprove'ments in'book; binding, 'Serial Number I 708,367 'ai1d of my co-pending application forimprp'vements in book binding, Serial.

Number 25,224 filed Ap 23, 1924, and

Iclaimz H 1; In the art of bookmaking,-that step which consists in permanent-1y uniting an uncovered bound book havin 'jointsat the opposite edges of the back t ereof, with a completely made separate cover having spaced joints between the front and back .sides thereof, by stitching" together and thereby permanently uniting said book with the coversolely at the peaks of the joints of the cover. 7

of the bound book. and

the registering joints intermediate said 2. In combination with a made cover liav- I ing front and back sides and a portion intermediate thereof, and an uncovered bound book composed of signatures sewed together and having joints at the first and last signaturfes,'.a binding sheet adhesively joined to uiback of the uncovered bound book indefpendently of the stitches holding the signatures together and extending beyond said joints and over'the same and adhesively secured to the end leaves of the uncovered bound book, a lining sheet adhesively secured-to the portion of the made cover intermediate the front and back sides thereof and extending beyond the part of the made cover contiguous to said joints and adhesively secured to the interior of the front and back sides o fthe made cover, and stitches joining the binding'and lining sheets, said stitches being spaced apart the width of the back of theuncovered bound book and arranged, at the joints thereof, the binding and lining sheets being free from each other through out their surfaces between said stitches, .wherebya freedom of movement during the opening and closing of the covered book is provided betweenthe entire back of the signatures disposed between the stitches and the cover intermediate the stitches, and also "the signatures are free to hingedly move with respect to each other.

. 3. The combination of claim 2 inwhich the binding sheet adhesively joins the enthe back of the uncovered bound book, and a i book, and the lining sheet covers the entire interior surfaces of the frontand back sides of the made cover. j

. 5. As an article of manufacture; a cover for, bound books comprisingfa binder sheet adapted to be adhesively applied to the back and sides of a bound book, a lining sheet overlying the bindersheet, parallel lines of stitches securing said binder and lining sheets together an spaced apart a distance equal to the width of the back of the book, and a facing sheet adhesively secured over thesurface of thelining sheet and provid- .1ng egterior front and back cover portions. In testimony that I claimthe foregoing 'as'my invention, I.,have signed my name hereto. w JOHN A. FELLOWS.

of the end leaves of the uncovered bound. 

